Elements of the Periodic Table
S Block Elements:
Hydrogen:
found in group1
has 1 valence electron
is the most abundant element in the universe
found in group1
has 1 valence electron
is the most abundant element in the universe
- colorless, odorless, combustible gas
Alkali Metals:
found in group 1
found in group 1
- hydrogen is not a member
- good conductors of heat and electricity
- very reactive
- only 1 valence electron
- most reactive metals
Alkaline Earth Metals:
group 2
very reactive
2 valence electrons
group 2
very reactive
2 valence electrons
P Block Elements:
Boron Group:
group 13
3 valence electrons
composed of a metalloid and metal
aluminum is important because it is light, strong, and does not corrode
group 13
3 valence electrons
composed of a metalloid and metal
aluminum is important because it is light, strong, and does not corrode
Carbon Group:
group 14
4 valence electrons
composed of 1
nonmetal
2 metals
2 metalloids
carbon forms 5 million compounds and is called “basis of life”.
group 14
4 valence electrons
composed of 1
nonmetal
2 metals
2 metalloids
carbon forms 5 million compounds and is called “basis of life”.
Nitrogen Group:
group 15
5 valence electrons
tend to share electrons
nitrogen is the most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere
group 15
5 valence electrons
tend to share electrons
nitrogen is the most abundant element in the earth's atmosphere
Oxygen Group:
group 16
6 valence electrons
tend to share electrons
oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth's crust
group 16
6 valence electrons
tend to share electrons
oxygen is the most abundant element in the earth's crust
Halogen Group:
group 17
7 valence electrons
most reactive nonmetals
never found uncombined in nature
halogens combined with metals to form salts
group 17
7 valence electrons
most reactive nonmetals
never found uncombined in nature
halogens combined with metals to form salts
Noble Gases:
group 18
normally unreactive
called inert gases
8 valence electrons filled outer shell
group 18
normally unreactive
called inert gases
8 valence electrons filled outer shell
D Block Elements:
Transition Metals:
group 3-12
largest group on periodic table
good conductors of heat and electricity
compounds with these elements are usually brightly colored
most have 1 or 2 valence electrons
group 3-12
largest group on periodic table
good conductors of heat and electricity
compounds with these elements are usually brightly colored
most have 1 or 2 valence electrons
F Block Elements:
Lanthanide:
soft malleable metals
high luster
high electric conductivity
soft malleable metals
high luster
high electric conductivity
- Actinide:
radioactive
highly electropositive
tarnish readily in air
are very dense metals with distinctive structures
numerous allotropes may be formed
react with boiling water or dilute acid to release hydrogen gas
combine directly with most nonmetals